{"id":73919,"date":"2026-08-31T15:37:07","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T13:37:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lexia.it\/?p=73919"},"modified":"2026-08-31T15:41:45","modified_gmt":"2026-08-31T13:41:45","slug":"transparency-requirements-ai-european-commission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lexia.it\/en\/2026\/08\/31\/transparency-requirements-ai-european-commission\/","title":{"rendered":"Transparency requirements for artificial intelligence: the European Commission\u2019s guidelines"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>On 20 July 2026, the European Commission adopted the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/library\/guidelines-transparency-obligations-providers-and-deployers-ai-systems\">Guidelines on the implementation of the transparency obligations for certain AI systems under Article 50 of Regulation (EU) 2024\/1689 (the \u2018AI Act\u2019)<\/a>\u201d (the \u201c<strong>Guidelines<\/strong>\u201d), which provide guidance on the transparency obligations applicable to providers and deployers of artificial intelligence (\u201c<strong>AI<\/strong>\u201d) systems. The Guidelines clarify the scope of the obligations set out in Article 50 of Regulation (EU) 2024\/1689 (the \u201c<strong>AI Act<\/strong>\u201d), which apply from 2 August 2026 and, for generative systems already placed on the market at that date, from 2 December 2026, limited to the marking and detection obligations under Article 50(2) of the AI Act. The Guidelines offer practical guidance not only to providers and deployers, but also to competent authorities, to foster a consistent, effective, proportionate and uniform application of the AI Act.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Background and objectives of the Guidelines<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Guidelines were prepared by the Commission pursuant to Article 96(1)(d) of the AI Act and are non-binding in nature: they serve as practical guidance for competent authorities, providers and deployers in applying the transparency obligations under Article 50 of the AI Act. The Guidelines were drafted on the basis of input gathered during an extensive public consultation held by the Commission, as well as input from Member States within the AI Board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The purpose of the transparency obligations, as set out in recitals 132-136 of the AI Act, is to reduce the risks of impersonation, deception, disinformation, large-scale manipulation and fraud, and to mitigate the potential negative impact on democratic processes and public trust caused by content generated or manipulated by AI or by AI-mediated interactions. Informing people about the artificial origin of interactions and content helps them make informed decisions, contributing to safeguarding trust and the integrity of the information ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A central message of the Guidelines is that transparency does not concern only \u201c<em>high-risk<\/em>\u201d systems: Article 50 of the AI Act also applies to interactive systems (<em>chatbots<\/em>, <em>avatars<\/em>, virtual assistants), generative systems, <em>deepfakes<\/em>, and emotion recognition and biometric categorisation systems. The obligations may apply simultaneously to the same system or the same output, involving providers and deployers cumulatively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The four transparency obligations under Article 50 of the AI Act<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 50 of the AI Act sets out four transparency obligations, applicable to different types of AI systems or their outputs. As clarified by the Guidelines, these obligations do not apply to purely personal, non-professional use. Two obligations rest with providers (those who develop an AI system and place it on the market under their own name or trademark) and two with deployers (those who use the system under their own authority for professional purposes):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>AI systems that interact directly with individuals (Art. 50(1))<\/strong>: providers must design systems so that people are informed they are interacting with an AI, unless this is obvious to a reasonably well-informed and observant user; the information must be provided at the start of the interaction and maintained throughout its duration. The obligation covers, among others, <em>chatbots<\/em>, <em>avatars<\/em>, virtual assistants and AI agents.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AI systems that generate or manipulate synthetic content (Art. 50(2))<\/strong>: providers must ensure that outputs (audio, images, video, text) are marked in a machine-readable format and detectable as artificially generated, through effective, interoperable and robust technical solutions (e.g. metadata, <em>watermarking<\/em>, the C2PA <em>standard<\/em>), while also making corresponding detection tools available.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Emotion recognition and biometric categorisation systems (Art. 50(3))<\/strong>: deployers must inform the individuals exposed to such systems, both in real time and <em>ex post<\/em>; the obligation is relevant, among other contexts, in HR, <em>retail<\/em>, security, education and customer experience settings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Deepfakes and AI-generated text on matters of public interest (Art. 50(4))<\/strong>: deployers must clearly and perceptibly disclose that content has been artificially generated or manipulated, through a visible or audible disclosure (the provider\u2019s technical marking is not sufficient). A mitigated regime applies to <em>deepfakes<\/em> contained in artistic, creative, satirical or fictional works. \u201c<em>Deepfake<\/em>\u201d means audio, video or image content that resembles existing persons, objects, places or events and could falsely appear authentic (Art. 3(60)): the obligation therefore does not apply to content of a fantastical or unrealistic nature.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 50(5) of the AI Act provides that the information must be given in a clear and distinguishable manner, at the latest at the time of the first interaction or first exposure (for example, at the start of a conversation with a <em>chatbot<\/em>, at the beginning of a video containing a <em>deepfake<\/em>, or when opening AI-generated text on matters of public interest), and must comply with accessibility requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Exemptions and mitigated regimes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Guidelines devote considerable attention to exemptions and mitigated regimes, which are essential for correctly calibrating compliance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"i\">\n<li><strong>Obviousness of the interaction (Art. 50(1))<\/strong>: the obligation to inform does not apply where the artificial origin of the interaction is \u201c<em>obvious<\/em>\u201d to a reasonably attentive, informed and circumspect person (for example, a virtual assistant clearly presented as such).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Law enforcement<\/em><\/strong>: exemptions are provided for systems authorised by law to detect, prevent, investigate or prosecute criminal offences; however, these exemptions are narrowly construed and do not cover uses made available to the public for reporting offences.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Standard editing and assistive functions (Art. 50(2))<\/strong>: systems that perform only standard <em>editing<\/em> functions, or that do not substantially alter <em>input<\/em> data or its meaning, fall outside the scope.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Creative and satirical deepfakes (Art. 50(4))<\/strong>: a mitigated regime applies to <em>deepfakes<\/em> that form part of artistic, creative, satirical, fictional or similar works: a disclosure signal is still required, but in a form compatible with the enjoyment of the work, without hindering its viewing or enjoyment, i.e. without cumbersome visual elements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Text subject to human review\/<em>editorial responsibility<\/em> (Art. 50(4))<\/strong>: the obligation to label text on matters of public interest as AI-generated does not apply where the text has undergone human review or editorial control and a natural or legal person assumes editorial responsibility for it.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Supervision, penalties and supporting tools<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Guidelines devote a section to the supervisory authorities, identified primarily as the national market surveillance authorities competent for the AI Act. For certain categories of systems, the <em>AI Office<\/em> also intervenes (with a specific role for systems built on general-purpose AI models or integrated into <em>very large online platforms<\/em>\/<em>very large online search engines<\/em> designated under the <em>Digital Services Act<\/em>), as does the European Data Protection Supervisor (\u201c<strong>EDPS<\/strong>\u201d), where the provider or deployer is an EU institution, body or agency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Breaches of the transparency obligations may result in fines of up to \u20ac15 million or up to 3% of total worldwide annual turnover for the preceding financial year for undertakings, with proportionality criteria for SMEs and <em>small mid-caps<\/em>; for EU institutions, bodies and agencies, fines may reach up to \u20ac750,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Guidelines also address the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/code-practice-ai-generated-content\">Code of Practice on Transparency of AI-generated Content<\/a>\u201d (the \u201c<strong>Code of Practice<\/strong>\u201d), published in final form on 10 June 2026, as a voluntary tool for demonstrating compliance with the marking and <em>labelling<\/em> obligations under Articles 50(2), 50(4) and 50(5) of the AI Act: adherence to the Code constitutes <em>\u201ca straightforward, predictable, and legally certain way of demonstrating compliance\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Separately from the Guidelines, the Commission has made available further supporting materials to facilitate compliance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"i\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/faqs\/transparency-obligations-under-article-50-ai-act\">Dedicated FAQs (<em>Transparency obligations under Article 50 of the AI Act<\/em>)<\/a>: answers to the most frequently asked questions on the concepts and obligations clarified in the Guidelines;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/factpages\/quick-facts-transparency-rules-ai-systems\"><em>Quick Facts<\/em><\/a>: a summary factsheet on the transparency rules for AI systems;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/eu-icons-labelling-ai-generated-content\">EU labelling icons<\/a>: a set of icons that deployers may use to label certain AI-generated content (<em>deepfakes<\/em> and AI-generated\/manipulated text).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Recommendations and conclusions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For businesses, the key question is no longer simply whether an AI system is \u201c<em>high-risk<\/em>\u201d, but whether \u2013 and to what extent \u2013 it interacts with individuals or produces content that people see, read or hear; in such cases, the AI Act\u2019s transparency obligations, as interpreted by the Commission\u2019s Guidelines, become concretely applicable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In light of the Guidelines, to ensure compliance with these obligations, businesses may structure their approach along the following lines:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"i\">\n<li>Map the AI systems in use or under development and classify them against Article 50 (interactive, generative, emotion recognition, biometric categorisation, <em>deepfakes<\/em>, text on matters of public interest).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Clarify the role (provider, deployer or both) and allocate internal responsibilities, including in contracts with <em>cloud<\/em> and AI technology providers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adapt the <em>User Experience<\/em> (UX), notices and <em>policies<\/em> to ensure that information about interacting with AI or being exposed to generated or manipulated content is clear, distinguishable, accessible and provided at least at the time of first interaction\/exposure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Implement or update the technical marking and <em>detection<\/em> solutions for generative outputs in line with Article 50(2), planning in good time for the adjustment of systems already on the market by 2 December 2026.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Define visible <em>labelling<\/em> procedures for <em>deepfakes<\/em> and AI-generated text on matters of public interest, in line with the Guidelines and, where applicable and in the event of adherence, the <em>Code of Practice<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Integrate the AI Act perspective into existing governance frameworks (GDPR, DSA, NIS 2, Data Act), adopting documentation capable of demonstrating the <em>accountability<\/em> of <em>design<\/em>, marking and <em>disclosure<\/em> choices.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>The Guidelines represent a significant interpretative tool, providing operational criteria for identifying the systems subject to transparency obligations, distinguishing between the roles of provider and deployer, and clarifying the practical means of compliance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 20 July 2026, the European Commission adopted the \u201cGuidelines on the implementation of the transparency obligations for certain AI systems under Article 50 of Regulation (EU) 2024\/1689 (the \u2018AI Act\u2019)\u201d (the \u201cGuidelines\u201d), which provide guidance on the transparency obligations applicable to providers and deployers of artificial intelligence (\u201cAI\u201d) systems. The Guidelines clarify the scope &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexia.it\/en\/2026\/08\/31\/transparency-requirements-ai-european-commission\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":73565,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[665],"tags":[],"area":[],"collana":[],"competenza":[621],"class_list":["post-73919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publications","competenza-data-technology-innovation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Transparency requirements for artificial intelligence: the European Commission\u2019s guidelines - LEXIA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Guidelines were prepared by the Commission pursuant to Article 96(1)(d) of the AI Act and are non-binding in nature. 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